Teknoekonominen toteutettavuusanalyysi etäylläpidon liitettävyydestä tehtaissa

Maintenance activities play a major role in factory operations, as they prevent breakdowns and extend machine life. With the advances in sensor, computing and communications technology, sensor data can be increasingly exploited for real-time supervision of machine condition. However, the acquisition of the data is challenging due to proprietary technologies and interfaces applied in Industrial Networks. Therefore, sensor data is rarely utilized in other processes than automation. As the industry is heading towards a new industrial era, also referred to as Industrial Internet or Industrie 4.0, there is growing need to improve data availability for applications that can realize its potential value. In this research, the focus is on the feasibility of remote maintenance deployment in factories. The topic is approached from the connectivity viewpoint. The research is conducted by reviewing the literature, and by interviewing numerous industry experts regarding the connectivity and data exploitation in factories. These form the basis for the value network analysis, in which Value Network Configuration (VNC) method is applied, to analyze the value distribution among different actors in alternative remote connection cases. As a result of the VNC analysis, three alternative value network configurations are formed. They provide a high-level technical architecture of the remote connection implementation and discuss the accumulated value of each actor concerning remote maintenance service. The insights gained from the VNCs and literature are then employed to propose a future technical architecture for remote maintenance connectivity in factories.Huoltotoimet ovat suuressa roolissa tehtaan toiminnassa, sillä ne ehkäisevät konerikkoja ja pidentävät koneen käyttöikää. Sensori-, laskenta- ja tietoliikenneteknologian kehittymisen johdosta sensoridataa voidaan hyödyntää yhä enemmän koneen kunnon reaaliaikaiseen valvontaan. Datan saanti on kuitenkin haastavaa teollisissa verkoissa käytettyjen sovelluskohtaisten teknologioiden ja liitäntöjen takia. Sen vuoksi sensoridataa hyödynnetään harvoin muissa prosesseissa kuin automaatiossa. Teollisuuden suunnatessa kohti uutta teollista aikakautta, joka tunnetaan myös nimillä Teollinen Internet ja Teollisuus 4.0, on datan saatavuutta parannettava sovelluskohteille, jotka voivat realisoida sen potentiaalisen arvon. Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee etäylläpidon käyttöönoton toteutettavuutta tehtaissa. Aihetta lähestytään liitettävyyden näkökulmasta. Tutkimus suoritetaan tarkastelemalla kirjallisuutta sekä haastattelemalla lukuisia teollisuuden asiantuntijoita koskien liitettävyyttä ja datan hyödyntämistä tehtaissa. Nämä muodostavat perustan arvoverkkoanalyysille, jossa sovelletaan arvoverkkokonfiguraatio-menetelmää, jolla analysoidaan arvon jakautumista eri toimijoiden kesken vaihtoehtoisissa etäyhteystapauksissa. Arvoverkkokonfiguraatioanalyysin tuloksena muodostetaan kolme vaihtoehtoista arvoverkkokonfiguraatiota. Ne tarjoavat korkean tason teknisen arkkitehtuurin etäyhteyden implementaatiosta ja tarkastelevat toimijoiden kerryttämää arvoa etäylläpitopalvelun osalta. Arvoverkkokonfiguraatioista ja kirjallisuudesta saatujen näkemysten pohjalta esitellään lisäksi tulevaisuuden tekninen arkkitehtuuri etäylläpidon liitettävyydelle tehtaissa

Laugier-Hunziker Syndrome: A Case Report

Laugier-Hunziker syndrome (LHS) is a rare, acquired mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation often associated with longitudinal melanonychia. It is important to differentiate this condition from the pigmentary disorders of the oral mucosa. The correct clinical identification avoids the need for invasive investigations. A 32-year-old female presented with a number of variably sized, hyperpigmented macules over the oral mucosa and longitudinal melanonychia. Herein, we report a case of LHS and discuss the conditions related with pigmented mucocutaneous lesions

Cobalt Boride (Co2B) Particle Synthesis by One-step Carbothermic Reduction

In this study, crystalline Co2B powder production was carried out by a one-step carbothermal reduction method starting from cheap, easily accessible oxide-based materials. Firstly, to determine the carbothermic CoxB formation conditions, the decomposition temperatures of the raw materials were analysed by TG/DTA, and the temperature-varying Gibbs free energies of the expected reactions were calculated. Then, Co2B production was carried out at constant CoO/B2O3/C (3.22/1.5/1.3) weight ratios at temperature (1273-1473 K) and time (30-270 min). scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the particles. XRD results showed that reaction temperature and time are the primary control on CoxB formation. Single-phase crystalline Co2B particles with crystallite sizes of 88 nm were successfully produced at 1473 K and 150 min. The permanent magnetization, saturation magnetization, and coercivity values of Co2B particles were defined as 16.58 Oe, 35.361 emu/g, 0.501 emu/g, respectivel

Single Fe2B Phase Particle Production by Calciothermic Reduction in Molten Salt

In this study, calciothermic single phase iron boride(Fe2B) production was investigated in a scalable molten salt system, starting from inexpensive, easily accessible oxide materials. First, the formation of Fe2B was examined in detail in the light of thermodynamic data and literature. After, effects of CaO amount (0-10 wt.%) and time (30-60 min) on particle synthesis were investigated under at constant 3.0 V cell voltage and 1273 K temperature. It was determined that the average current increased continuously with the increase in the amount of CaO, and the current efficiency increased up to 7% by weight of CaO. After the CaO ratio was determined, the effect of the electrolysis duration was examined. In durations experiments, it has been observed that, in 30 minutes’ duration, the particles are composed of Fe, Fe2B and FeB, and by increasing the experiment time to 60 min, single-phase Fe2B particles are obtained. The magnetic properties of the single-phase Fe2B particles obtained at the end of the experiment period of 60 minutes were investigated by VSM. The saturation magnetization, permanent magnetization and coercivity values of the Fe2B particles were determined as 90.718 emu/g, 33.311 Oe, 1.684 emu/g, respectively

Chronic Inducible Urticaria: Part II

Physical urticaria (PU) is a subgroup of acquired, chronic inducible urticaria which is associated with a known physical trigger. In PU, the symptoms are induced by exogenous physical triggers, such as friction, pressure, vibration, cold, heat, or solar radiation. All the PUs may manifest with both wheals and angioedema at the sites of the triggers with the exceptions that urticaria factitia (UF) (symptomatic dermatographism) presents with wheals only and pressure urticaria presents with angioedema only. More than one form of physically induced urticarias can be present in one patient

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Dermatitis herpetiformis is an autoimmune skin disease, which is strongly related to coeliac disease. Moreover, some authors accept it as the skin manifestation of coeliac disease. It is a chronic, recurrent disease with polymorphic skin eruptions and pruritus. Dermatitis herpetiformis is a disease of the young adults mostly, but can be seen at any age. It is characterized by papules, vesicles, excoriations, and urticarial plaques clinically. Histopathological examination reveals subepidermal separation, and with this finding, it needs to be differentiated from linear IgA bullous dermatitis and bullous pemphigoid. In this case, direct immunofluorescence is helpful. Granular deposition of IgA is pathognomonic for dermatitis herpetiformis. Dermatitis herpetiformis can accompany other autoimmune disorders such as type I diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases, vitiligo, and collagen tissue diseases. Dermatitis herpetiformis is, usually, successfully treated with dapsone and gluten-free diet

Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir plus Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir +/- Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population.Material and Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)+/- ribavirin (RBV) ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir (PrOD)+/- RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, factors affecting SVR, safety profile, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) occurrence were analyzed.Results: SVR12 was achieved in 92.8% of the patients (4,040/4,352) according to intention-to-treat and in 98.3% of the patients (4,040/4,108) according to per-protocol analysis. The SVR12 rates were similar between the treatment regimens (97.2%-100%) and genotypes (95.6%-100%). Patients achieving SVR showed a significant decrease in the mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (50.90 +/- 54.60 U/L to 17.00 +/- 14.50 U/L) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (7.51 +/- 4.54 to 7.32 +/- 3.40) (p<0.05). Of the patients, 2 were diagnosed with HCC during the treatment and 14 were diagnosed with HCC 37.0 +/- 16.0 weeks post-treatment. Higher initial MELD score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.38; p=0.023]), higher hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-2.28; p=0.038), and higher serum ALT levels (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83; p=0.042) were associated with poor SVR12. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12.6%), pruritis (7.3%), increased serum ALT (4.7%) and bilirubin (3.8%) levels, and anemia (3.1%).Conclusion: LDV/SOF or PrOD +/- RBV were effective and tolerable treatments for patients with CHC and with or without advanced liver disease before and after liver transplantation. Although HCV eradication improves the liver function, there is a risk of developing HCC.Turkish Association for the Study of The Liver (TASL

Production Of Nano-metal, Nano-metal Oxide And Nano-metal/metal Oxide Mixed Powders In Inductive Energy Sourced Ultrasonic Aerosol Pyrolysis System

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2013Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2013Nano-teknoloji üzerine yapılan çalışmaların hızla gelişmesi, birçok alanda kullanılan nano-partikülerin önemini arttırmıştır. Partikül büyüklüğü nano-boyutlara indikçe, yüzey alanın da artmasıyla beraber, partiküller çok iyi elektronik, optik, termal, manyetik ve fotokatalitik özellikler göstermektedir. Gerek sahip oldukları eşsiz özellikler, gerekse gün geçtikçe küçülen ve gelişen teknolojinin ihtiyacı olan üstün özelliklere sahip nano-boyutlu partiküller, ileri teknoloji malzemelerinin vazgeçilmez hammaddeleri olmuş, sıradışı uygulamaları ile çok değişik sektörlere hizmet etmeye başlamışlardır. 100 nm’den küçük boyuta sahip partiküller genel olarak nano-partiküller olarak adlandırılmakta ve bu tür malzemeler bilişim, uzay-havacılık, otomotiv, elektrik-elektronik, kimya, çevre, enerji, biyoloji, gen mühendisliği ve savunma sanayiinde önemli uygulama alanları bulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ultrasonik sprey piroliz sistemi modifiye edilerek İndiktüf Enerji Kaynaklı Ultrasonik Sprey Piroliz (USP) sistemi kurulmuştur. Enerji orta frekanslı (53 KHz) indüksiyon fırını kullanılarak karşılanmış ve içerisinden 25 mm çapa ve 330 mm reaksiyon bölgesine sahip kuvars cam geçirilen indüksiyon fırını dikey konumlandırılmıştır. Tarafımızdan geliştirilen İndüktif Enerji Kaynaklı USP deney düzeneği optimize edilerek metal, metal oksit ve metal/metal oksit nano-partikül üretimi kapsamında gümüş, demir oksit, gümüş/çinko oksit ve gümüş/demir oksit nano-partikül üretimleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aerosol üretimleri 1,7 MHz’lik ultrasonik frekansa sahip aerosol üreteci tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretimi gerçekleştirilen gümüş ve demir oksit nano-partikülleri üzerine çözelti konsantrasyonu ve sıcaklığın etkisi, gümüş/çinko oksit ve gümüş/demir oksit nano-partikülleri üzerine ise konsantrasyonun etkisi incelenmiştir.The rapid development of the studies on nano-technology has raised the importance of nano-particles used in a wide range of fields. As their size diminished to nano-particles, together with the expansion of surface area, obtain electronic, optic, thermal, magnetic and photocatalytic qualities. Nano-sized particles, both with their unique qualities and outstanding features that gradually diminishing in size and the developing technology is in need of, have become indispensable resource of advanced technology materials and with their unusual applications they have begun to function in very diverse areas. Particles that are smaller than 100 nm are generally named nano-particle and this kind of materials finds important areas of function in informatics, space/aeronautics, automotive, electric-electronic, chemistry, environmental considerations, energy, biology, genetic engineering and defense industry. In this study Inductive Energy Sourced Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) System was built by modifying ultrasonic spray pyrolysis system. Energy was supplied using medium frequency (53 KHz) induction furnace and the induction furnace through which quartz having 25 mm diameter and 330 mm reaction zone was run, was positioned vertically. Under the scope of producing metal, metal oxide and metal/metal oxide nano-particles by optimizing the Inductive Energy Sourced USP testing apparatus developed by us, silver, iron oxide, silver/zinc oxide and silver/iron oxide nano-particles productions were carried out.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

The use of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in restoration practices of degraded forest lands located in Duzce province of Western Black Sea region

YÖK Tez No: 540074Bu çalışma, Karadeniz bölgesinde bulunan, bozulmuş orman alanlarında (çalılar) kurulmuş beş yaşındaki yalancı akasya plantasyonlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2009 yılında, Düzce vadisinin kuzeyindeki üç farklı bölgede yer alan bozulmuş orman alanlarında ki tüm odunsu ve otsu bitki örtüsü, bir fırça tırmıkla donatılmış bir buldozerle alandan uzaklaştırıldı. Buldozere bağlı diğer bir ekipman yardımıyla plantasyon sahasında 80-90 cm toprak derinliğinde toprak işleme gerçekleştirildi. 2009 un sonu ve 2010 yılının ilk aylarında sahaya 2+0 çıplak köklü fidanların dikimi gerçekleştirildi. Uygulaması gerçekleştirilen alanlarda dikimi takip eden dördüncü yılda sahaya ait vejetasyon kontrolleri gerçekleştirildi.2015 yılı Temmuz ve Ağustos aylarına gelindiğinde yapılacak analizler için her bir deneme ünitesi ait 30 adet fidandan örneklemeler yapıldı. Toprak örneklemeleri ise her örnek ağaca ait 3 farklı yönde, 4 farklı uzaklık derecesinde (0, 50, 100 ve 200 cm ) ve 30 cm toprak derinliğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alınan örnekler üzerinde pH, tanecik yoğunluğu, toplam azot ve karbon analizleri gerçekleştirildi. Beş yıl içerisinde Kuzeybatı yönünde büyüyen ağaçların, güneydoğu bölgesinde bulunan ağaçlara nazaran % 64 daha fazla biyokütle biriktirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ağaç tabanının 200 cm'lik çevresinde, toprak C (% 2,4) ve N (% 0,15) oranı benzerlik göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak elde edilen veriler, yalancı akasyanın daha sonraki türler için alanı kolaylaştırmak amacıyla N-sabitleyici türler olarak bozulmuş ormanlık alanlardaki restorasyon uygulamalarının bir parçası olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.This study was conducted in five-year-old black locust plantations established in degraded forestland in northern Black-Sea region of Turkey. In 2009, all woody and herbaceous vegetation were scarified with a bulldozer equipped with a brush rake in a degraded forestlands located in three different sites in northern part of Duzce valley. The plantation site was ripped to 80-90 cm soil depth with the same bulldozer. Then 2 +0 bare root black locust seedlings were planted in late fall of 2009 and early 2010. Following four year after establishment manual vegetation control were applied in all experimental sites. In July and August 2015 30 seedlings from each site were uprooted for analysis. Soil samples were taken around each sampled trees from three directions and four distance (0, 50, 100 and 200 cm) at 30 cm soil depth. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, bulk density, total N and C. Trees growing on northwestern aspect had accumulated about 64 % more biomass then that on southeastern site in five years. Soil C (2.4 %) and N (0.15 %) rate were similar in 200 cm periphery of the tree base. Data indicate that black locust can be used as part of restoration practices in degraded forestlands as a N-fixing species to facilitate the site for the later species